Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Attenuates Paraquat -Induced Thyroid, Renal and Hepatic Dysfunction in a Rat Mode

Abstract

Exposure to paraquat interfere with serious metabolic processes, initiating structural injury to various organs, including the liver, kidney and thyroid. The main attention of this study was to evaluate the impacts of NMN contrary to paraquat toxicity in albino rats. Fifty female albino rats were splitting into 5 collections: Control group. Paraquat group, in which rats were intra-peritoneal injected with paraquat pesticide at a concentration of 0.25 ml daily for 30 days. NMN group, in which rats administrated NMN at a dose of 1 ml orally via stomach tube for 30 days. Protective group, in which rats were treated with NMN for 30 days and then with the paraquat for another 30 days. Therapeutic group in which rats were treated with the paraquat for 30 days and then with NMN for another 30 days. Paraquat exposure lowered T4, T3, total protein while increasing TSH, ALT, AST, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine. The activities of antioxidants enzymes, including SOD and GPx were reduced following paraquat administration. Nevertheless, NMN treatment reduced all paraquat stimulated injuries in the liver, kidney and thyroid of rats due to its ability for enhancing NAD+ levels.