The Effects of Toxocara spp. and Toxoplasma gondii on the Level of IgE and Hematological Parameters in Pet Handlers seropositive in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq.

Abstract

Toxocariasis and toxoplasmosis are important zoonotic parasitic infections that may induce immunological and hematological alterations in exposed individuals. This study aimed to evaluate total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and selected hematological parameters among pet handlers seropositive for Toxocara spp. and Toxoplasma gondii in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, Iraq. A total of 91 blood samples were collected from pet handlers. Serum samples were examined for anti-Toxocara IgG and anti-T. gondii IgG using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Total IgE levels were quantified by ELISA, while hematological parameters were assessed using an automated complete blood count analyzer. The seroprevalence of Toxocara spp. and T. gondii infections was 13.1% and 24.1%, respectively. Total IgE levels were significantly higher in individuals positive for Toxocara spp. (120.3 ± 9.66 ng/ml) and T. gondii (69.95 ± 7.89 ng/ml) compared with seronegative individuals (P < 0.05). Toxocara infection was associated with significant increases in white blood cells, eosinophils, and lymphocytes, accompanied by significant reductions in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. In contrast, T. gondii infection was characterized by significant increases in white blood cells, neutrophils, and monocytes, together with a significant decrease in eosinophil counts. Both parasitic infections were associated with elevated total IgE levels and distinct hematological changes. These findings suggest that IgE and routine hematological parameters may serve as supportive indicators for assessing zoonotic parasitic infections among individuals with frequent animal exposure.